![]() While mainland Germany itself is entirely flat, the colony of Cameroon and Western Tanzania is hilly, as well as almost the entirety of Papua New Guinea. The population of the German Empire is 55,217,233, with mainland Germany being the most populated region. The German Empire makes $3,478,765 income and has a maximum manpower cap of 1,104,345. ![]() Germany lost around 13% of its European territory and ceded all of its colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific. Germans perceived the treaty as humiliating, which was seen by historians as influential in the rise of Adolf Hitler. Germany's new leadership signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, accepting defeat by the Entente. In the German Revolution (November 1918), Kaiser Wilhelm II and the ruling princes abdicated their positions and Germany was declared a federal republic. After four years of warfare, in which approximately two million German soldiers were killed, a general armistice ended the fighting. The assassination of Austria's crown prince on 28 June 1914 provided the pretext for Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia and trigger World War I. The colonial government in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), from 1904 to 1907, carried out the annihilation of the local Herero and Namaqua peoples as punishment for an uprising this was the 20th century's first genocide. Later, Germany further expanded its colonial empire to include holdings in the Pacific and China. At the Berlin Conference in 1884, Germany claimed several colonies including German East Africa, German South West Africa, Togoland, and Kamerun. Britain, France and Russia also concluded alliances to protect against Habsburg interference with Russian interests in the Balkans or German interference against France. A dual alliance was created with the multinational realm of Austria-Hungary the Triple Alliance of 1882 included Italy. However, under Wilhelm II, Germany took an imperialist course, leading to friction with neighboring countries. In the Gründerzeit period following the unification of Germany, Bismarck's foreign policy as Chancellor of Germany secured Germany's position as a great nation by forging alliances and avoiding war. Prussia was the dominant constituent state of the new empire the King of Prussia ruled as its Kaiser, and Berlin became its capital. After the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, the German princes proclaimed the founding of the German Empire in 1871. Bismarck successfully concluded the war with Denmark in 1864 the subsequent decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 enabled him to create the North German Confederation which excluded Austria. King William I appointed Otto von Bismarck as the Minister President of Prussia in 1862. King Frederick William IV of Prussia was offered the title of Emperor, but with a loss of power he rejected the crown and the proposed constitution, a temporary setback for the movement. In light of revolutionary movements in Europe, intellectuals and commoners started the revolutions of 1848 in the German states, raising the German Question. The Zollverein, a tariff union, furthered economic unity. Disagreement within restoration politics partly led to the rise of liberal movements, followed by new measures of repression by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich. The appointment of the Emperor of Austria as the permanent president reflected the Congress's rejection of Prussia's rising influence. Following the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna founded the German Confederation, a loose league of 39 sovereign states.
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